Secondly, an integration method of optimal Latin hypercube design and regression analysis is used to obtain the polynomial model, followed by sensitivity analysis. First, a rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model of artillery at the maximum firing angle is constructed, which can achieve coupling relationships between interior ballistics, launching loads and artillery movement. The uncertain optimization problem for structural dynamic responses of artillery systems is studied from the perspective of uncertainty and system engineering. Finally, two numerical examples in practical engineering are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. Thus, the uncertain optimization problem is transformed into a deterministic multi-objective optimization problem by employing the mean value, the standard deviation, the probability and the expected loss function, and then the sorting and optimizing of design vectors are realized by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Then, a nonlinear stochastic programming method is put forward by integrating a back-propagation neural network with the Monte Carlo method. Secondly, the random characteristics of uncertainties are simulated using a hybrid probabilistic and interval model. First, a general overall ballistic dynamics model is achieved based on classical interior ballistics, projectile initial disturbance calculation model, exterior ballistics and firing dispersion calculation model. Present study provides a useful basis for further works on the CFD of tapered fluidized bed.Ī nonlinear stochastic programming method is proposed in this article to deal with the uncertain optimization problems of overall ballistics. Good agreement was also obtained between experimental and CFD predicted bed expansion ratios for both types of particles. Pressure drops predicted by the CFD simulations agreed reasonably well with experimental measurements for both types (spherical and non-spherical) of particles.

The Gidaspow drag model was used to calculate the gas–solid momentum exchange coefficients. The gas–solid flow was simulated using the Eulerian–Eulerian model and applying the kinetic theory of granular flow for solid particles. The experimental results obtained by carrying out experiments in a tapered fluidized bed for glass bead (spherical) of 2.0mm and dolomite (non-spherical particles) of 2.215mm in diameter, were compared with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results, using a commercial CFD software package, Fluent. In the present work, experimental and numerical studies for the hydrodynamics in a gas–solid tapered fluidized bed have been carried out.

Patent design for the leader t2 rifle